H265(HEVC) nal 单元头介绍及rtp发送中的fu分组发送详解
首先来介绍下h265(HEVC)nal单元头,与h264的nal层相比,h265的nal unit header有两个字节构成,如下图所示:
从图中可以看出hHEVC的nal包结构与h264有明显的不同,hevc加入了nal所在的时间层的ID,取去除了nal_ref_idc,此信息合并到了naltype中,通常情况下F为0,layerid为0,TID为1。
nal单元的类型有如下几种:
enum NalUnitType
{NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_TRAIL_N = 0, // 0NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_TRAIL_R, // 1NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_TSA_N, // 2NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_TLA, // 3 // Current name in the spec: TSA_RNAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_STSA_N, // 4NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_STSA_R, // 5NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_RADL_N, // 6NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_DLP, // 7 // Current name in the spec: RADL_RNAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_RASL_N, // 8NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_TFD, // 9 // Current name in the spec: RASL_RNAL_UNIT_RESERVED_10,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_11,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_12,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_13,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_14,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_15, NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_BLA, // 16 // Current name in the spec: BLA_W_LP
NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_BLA, // 16 // Current name in the spec: BLA_W_LPNAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_BLANT, // 17 // Current name in the spec: BLA_W_DLPNAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_BLA_N_LP, // 18NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_IDR, // 19 // Current name in the spec: IDR_W_DLPNAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_IDR_N_LP, // 20NAL_UNIT_CODED_SLICE_CRA, // 21NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_22,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_23,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_24,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_25,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_26,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_27,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_28,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_29,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_30,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_31,NAL_UNIT_VPS, // 32NAL_UNIT_SPS, // 33NAL_UNIT_PPS, // 34NAL_UNIT_ACCESS_UNIT_DELIMITER, // 35NAL_UNIT_EOS, // 36NAL_UNIT_EOB, // 37NAL_UNIT_FILLER_DATA, // 38NAL_UNIT_SEI, // 39 Prefix SEINAL_UNIT_SEI_SUFFIX, // 40 Suffix SEINAL_UNIT_RESERVED_41,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_42,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_43,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_44,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_45,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_46,NAL_UNIT_RESERVED_47,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_48,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_49,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_50,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_51,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_52,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_53,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_54,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_55,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_56,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_57,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_58,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_59,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_60,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_61,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_62,NAL_UNIT_UNSPECIFIED_63,NAL_UNIT_INVALID,
};
下面接收下fu分组打包方式,fu分组包头格式如下:
fus包头包含了两个字节的payloadhdr,一个字节的fu header,fu header与h264一样,结构如下图,包含开始位(1b)、停止位(1b)、futype(6b)
paylodhdr两个自己的赋值,其实就是把hevc帧数据的nal unit header的naltype替换为49即可,下面是从ffmpeg源码中截取出来的fu打包方式代码片段:
static void nal_send(AVFormatContext *ctx, const uint8_t *buf, int len, int last_packet_of_frame)
{RTPMuxContext *rtp_ctx = ctx->priv_data;int rtp_payload_size = rtp_ctx->max_payload_size - RTP_HEVC_HEADERS_SIZE;int nal_type = (buf[0] >> 1) & 0x3F;/* send it as one single NAL unit? */if (len <= rtp_ctx->max_payload_size) //小于对定的最大值时,直接发送(最大值一般小于mtu){/* use the original NAL unit buffer and transmit it as RTP payload */ff_rtp_send_data(ctx, buf, len, last_packet_of_frame);}else //大于最大值时进行fu分组发送{/*create the HEVC payload header and transmit the buffer as fragmentation units (FU)0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|F| Type | LayerId | TID |+-------------+-----------------+F = 0Type = 49 (fragmentation unit (FU))LayerId = 0TID = 1*/rtp_ctx->buf[0] = 49 << 1;rtp_ctx->buf[1] = 1;//此处为paylaodhdr,规范赋值应该是替换hevc数据nal 的payloadhdr的type//rtp_ctx->buf[0] = (buf[0] &0x81) | (49<<1);//rtp_ctx->buf[1] = buf[1]/*create the FU header0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|S|E| FuType |+---------------+S = variableE = variableFuType = NAL unit type*/rtp_ctx->buf[2] = nal_type;/* set the S bit: mark as start fragment */rtp_ctx->buf[2] |= 1 << 7; /* pass the original NAL header *///此处要注意,当是分组的第一报数据时,应该覆盖掉前两个字节的数据,h264要覆盖前一个字节的数据,即是第一包要去除hevc帧数据的paylaodhdrbuf += 2;len -= 2; while (len > rtp_payload_size) {/* complete and send current RTP packet */memcpy(&rtp_ctx->buf[RTP_HEVC_HEADERS_SIZE], buf, rtp_payload_size);ff_rtp_send_data(ctx, rtp_ctx->buf, rtp_ctx->max_payload_size, 0);buf += rtp_payload_size;len -= rtp_payload_size;/* reset the S bit */rtp_ctx->buf[2] &= ~(1 << 7);}/* set the E bit: mark as last fragment */rtp_ctx->buf[2] |= 1 << 6;/* complete and send last RTP packet */memcpy(&rtp_ctx->buf[RTP_HEVC_HEADERS_SIZE], buf, len);ff_rtp_send_data(ctx, rtp_ctx->buf, len + 2, last_packet_of_frame);}
}
通过rtp发送hevc视频数据,当hevc帧数据大于mtu时,应该进行fu分组发送,从上面代码流程就是对超过max_payload_size数据进行fu分组的流程,这个h264 fu-A很类似,很容易理解。
参考规范:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-payload-rtp-h265-14
ffmpeg相关代码
https://www.ffmpeg.org/doxygen/2.5/rtpenc__hevc_8c_source.html
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