boost库:智能指针(auto_ptr、scoped_ptr、shared_ptr)浅谈
无论C还是C++中,我们从一开始接触他们,老时就开始强调在使用后要对内存进行释放,以免发生内存泄露,但是,我们总有粗心的时候,C++中提出了只能指针的概念,用只能指针类来管理所申请的内存,伴随着函数的结束,智能指针自动调用析构函数对其进行释放。
智能指针(auto_ptr)
*auto_ptr指针的所有权可以转移,可以在函数只见传递,但同一时刻只能有一个auto_*ptr管理指针,当auto_ptr对象获得该空间的所有权后,用它来拷贝构造新的对象时,它所管理的指针的所有权也会发生改变,然后将它内部的指针赋空:
简单代码实现:
template<class _Ty>
class auto_ptr
{
public:auto_ptr(_Ty *_P=0):_Ptr(_P){}auto_ptr(const auto_ptr<_Ty> &_Y):_Ptr(_Y.release()){}auto_ptr& operator=(auto_ptr& _a){if(this != &_a){reset(_a.release());}return *this;}~auto_ptr(){delete _Ptr;}
public:void reset(_Ty* _p = 0){if (_p != _Ptr){delete _Ptr;_Ptr = _p;}}_Ty& operator*()const{return (*get());}_Ty* operator->()const{return (get());}_Ty* get()const{return _Ptr;}_Ty* release()const{_Ty* tmp = _Ptr;((auto_ptr<_Ty>*)this)->_Ptr = 0;return tmp;}private:_Ty *_Ptr;
};int main()
{int *p = new int(10);auto_ptr<int> pa1(p);auto_ptr<int> pa2 = (pa1);auto_ptr<int> pa3;pa3 = pa2;//cout<<*pa2<//cout<<*pa1<return 0;
}
Scoped_ptr
scoped_ptr与auto_ptr十分相似,它时包装了new操作赋在对上分配的动态对象,能够保证动态创建的对象在任意时候都能被释放,相对于auto_ptr而言,scoped_ptr相对比较“自私”,它的所有权更见严格,一旦将所有权交给它,就无法再将所有权收回来,所以在scoped_ptr不允许进行赋值操作和拷贝构造。你可能会纠结它是如何实现的,就算你不给他赋值和拷贝构造函数,系统也会默认给出。其实很简单,将这两个函数声明为私有的就OK啦,下面我们一起来看下代码吧:
#include
using namespace std;template
class scoped_ptr
{scoped_ptr(const scoped_ptr &_s){}scoped_ptr& operator=(scoped_ptr &_s){}
public:explicit scoped_ptr(_Ty *_p = 0):_Ptr(_p){}~scoped_ptr(){}
public:void reset(_Ty *_p = 0){if(_p != _Ptr){delete _Ptr;_Ptr = _p;}}_Ty& operator*()const{return *get();}_Ty* operator->()const{return (get());}_Ty* get()const{return _Ptr;}void swap(scoped_ptr &_s){_Ty *tmp = _s._Ptr;_s._Ptr = _Ptr;_Ptr = tmp;}
private:_Ty *_Ptr;
};int mian()
{int *p = new int(10);scoped_ptr<int> ps(p);cout << *ps << endl;return 0;
}
在类中成员默认为私有成员,所以这样就无法调动赋值操作和拷贝构造函数了。
scoped_array:
scoped_array主要是用来管理指针的,它的借口功能与scoped_ptr疾苦相同,scoped_array主要特点如下:
1、scoped_array在构造是接受的必须是new[]的结果;
2、scoped_array中没有“*” “->”操作赋的重载;
3、在析构时,用delete[]来释放内存;
4、重载[]运算符,使其能和普通数组一样用下标访问元素;
5、没有begin()、end()等类似容器的迭代器操作函数。
shared_ptr
shared_ptr与scoped_ptr相似,也是包装了new操作赋在堆上分配的动态对象,但它可以实现多个shared_ptr管理同一个指针,因为,它在实现时,在内便加入了使用计数器,只要拷贝一次引用计数器值加1,当引用计数器值不为一时部进行析构,这样防止了一块内存多次析构而导致的程序崩溃:
shared_ptr.h:
#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
#define _SHARED_PTR_H
//#include
#include "shared_count.h"
#include "sp_counted_base.h"
//using namespace std;template<typename _Ty>
class shared_ptr
{
public:shared_ptr():px(0){cout << "Creat shared_ptr!!" << endl;}shared_ptr(const shared_ptr<_Ty> &r):px(r.px),pn(r.pn){cout << "Creat shared_ptr!!" << endl;}shared_ptr(_Ty *p):px(p),pn(p){cout << "Creat shared_ptr!!" << endl;}#if 1~shared_ptr(){cout << " Free shared_ptr!!" << endl;if(use_count() == 0){cout << "Really free shared_ptr!!" << endl;cout << "haha use_count_ = "<0;}}#endif
public:_Ty& operator*()const{return *px;}_Ty* operator->()const{return px;}
public:long use_count()const{return pn.use_count();}
public:void swap(shared_ptr<_Ty> &b){_Ty *temp;temp = px;px = b.px;b.px = temp;}
private:shared_count<_Ty> pn;_Ty *px;
};#endif
shared_count.h:
#ifndef _SHARED_COUNT_H
#define _SHARED_COUNT_H
#include
#include "sp_counted_impl_xxx.h"
#include "sp_counted_base.h"
using namespace std;template<typename _Ty>
class shared_count
{
public:shared_count():pi_(0){cout << "Creat shared_counted!!" << endl;}shared_count(_Ty *p):pi_(new sp_counted_impl_xxx<_Ty>(p)){cout << "Creat shared_counted!!" << endl;}shared_count(const shared_count &r):pi_(r.pi_){pi_->add_ref_copy();}shared_count& operator=(const shared_count &r){pi_ = r.pi_;pi_->add_ref_copy();}~shared_count(){cout << "Free shared_counted!!" << endl;pi_->~sp_counted_base();if(use_count() == 0){pi = 0;}}
public:long use_count()const{return pi_->use_count();}void decrement(){pi_->release();if(use_count == 0){delete this;}}
private:sp_counted_base *pi_;
};#endif
sp_counted_base.h:
因为shared_count 里边的sp_counted_base *类型的pi_指向的是sp_counted_impl_xxx类里面的基类sp_counted_base,而基类无法调用子类的析构函数,而子类不析构基类也无法析构,所以,为了让他们能准确析构,在这里将sp_counted_base的析构函数定义为虚函数,在sp_counted_impl_xxx内重写。
#ifndef _SP_COUNTED_BASE_H
#define _SP_COUNTED_BASE_H
#include
#include "sp_counted_impl_xxx.h"
using namespace std;//template
class sp_counted_base
{
public:sp_counted_base():use_count_(1){//use_count_ = 1;cout << "Creat sp_counted_base!!" << endl;}virtual ~sp_counted_base() //因为父类无法调用子类内部的函数,所以将其定义为虚函数,以保证它和它的子函数能够正常析构。{cout << "Free sp_counted_base" << endl;}
public:void add_ref_copy(){++ use_count_;}long use_count()const{return use_count_;}void release(){-- use_count_;}
private:long use_count_;
};#endif
sp_counted_impl_xxx.h:
#ifndef _SP_COUNTED_IMPL_XXX_H
#define _SP_COUNTED_IMPL_XXX_H
#include
#include "sp_counted_base.h"
using namespace std;template<typename _Ty>
class sp_counted_impl_xxx : public sp_counted_base
{
public:sp_counted_impl_xxx(_Ty *p):px_(p){cout << "Creat sp_count_impl_xxx!!" << endl;}~sp_counted_impl_xxx(){while(use_count()){this->release();cout << "\n\nuse_count() = " << use_count() << endl;if(use_count() == 0){delete px_;cout << "Free sp_count_impl_xxx!!" << endl;}}}
private:_Ty *px_;
};#endif
main.cpp:
#include
#include "shared_ptr.h"
#include "shared_count.h"
#include "sp_counted_base.h"
#include "sp_counted_impl_xxx.h"
using namespace std;int main()
{int *p = new int(10);shared_ptr<int>pa(p);cout << "pa = " << *pa << endl;cout << "pa use_count = " << pa.use_count() << endl;shared_ptr<int> ps1 = pa;cout << "ps use_count = " << pa.use_count() << endl;shared_ptr<int> ps2;ps2 = ps1;cout << "ps use_count = " << pa.use_count() << endl;return 0;
}
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