Laravel学习笔记之Seeder填充数据小技巧
说明：本文主要聊一聊Laravel测试数据填充器Seeder的小技巧，同时介绍下Laravel开发插件三件套，这三个插件挺好用哦。同时，作者会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去，提高阅读效率。
备注：在设计个人博客软件时，总会碰到有分类Category、博客Post、给博客贴的标签Tag、博客内容的评论Comment。
而且，Category与Post是一对多关系One-Many:一个分类下有很多Post，一个Post只能归属于一个Category；Post与Comment是一对多关系One-Many:一篇博客Post下有很多Comment，一条Comment只能归属于一篇Post；Post与Tag是多对多关系Many-Many:一篇Post有很多Tag，一个Tag下有很多Post。
开发环境：Laravel5.2 + MAMP + PHP7 + MySQL5.5
开发插件三件套
在先聊测试数据填充器seeder之前，先装上开发插件三件套，开发神器。先不管这能干些啥，装上再说。
1、barryvdh/laravel-debugbar
composer require barryvdh/laravel-debugbar --dev2、barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper
composer require barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper --dev3、mpociot/laravel-test-factory-helper
composer require mpociot/laravel-test-factory-helper --dev然后在config/app.php文件中填上：
/ *Develop Plugin */ Barryvdh\Debugbar\ServiceProvider::class, Mpociot\LaravelTestFactoryHelper\TestFactoryHelperServiceProvider::class, Barryvdh\LaravelIdeHelper\IdeHelperServiceProvider::class,设计表的字段和关联
设计字段
按照上文提到的Category、Post、Comment和Tag之间的关系创建迁移Migration和模型Model，在项目根目录输入:
php artisan make:model Category -mphp artisan make:model Post -mphp artisan make:model Comment -mphp artisan make:model Tag -m在各个表的迁移migrations文件中根据表的功能设计字段：
//Category表class CreateCategoriesTable extends Migration{ / * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->string('name')->comment('分类名称'); $table->integer('hot')->comment('分类热度'); $table->string('image')->comment('分类图片'); $table->timestamps(); }); } / * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { Schema::drop('categories'); }}//Post表class CreatePostsTable extends Migration{ / * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->integer('category_id')->unsigned()->comment('外键'); $table->string('title')->comment('标题'); $table->string('slug')->unique()->index()->comment('锚点'); $table->string('summary')->comment('概要'); $table->text('content')->comment('内容'); $table->text('origin')->comment('文章来源'); $table->integer('comment_count')->unsigned()->comment('评论次数'); $table->integer('view_count')->unsigned()->comment('浏览次数'); $table->integer('favorite_count')->unsigned()->comment('点赞次数'); $table->boolean('published')->comment('文章是否发布'); $table->timestamps(); //Post表中category_id字段作为外键，与Category一对多关系 $table->foreign('category_id') ->references('id') ->on('categories') ->onUpdate('cascade') ->onDelete('cascade'); }); } / * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { //删除表时要删除外键约束，参数为外键名称 Schema::table('posts', function(Blueprint $tabel){ $tabel->dropForeign('posts_category_id_foreign'); }); Schema::drop('posts'); }}//Comment表class CreateCommentsTable extends Migration{ / * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->integer('post_id')->unsigned()->comment('外键'); $table->integer('parent_id')->comment('父评论id'); $table->string('parent_name')->comment('父评论标题'); $table->string('username')->comment('评论者用户名'); $table->string('email')->comment('评论者邮箱'); $table->string('blog')->comment('评论者博客地址'); $table->text('content')->comment('评论内容'); $table->timestamps(); //Comment表中post_id字段作为外键，与Post一对多关系 $table->foreign('post_id') ->references('id') ->on('posts') ->onUpdate('cascade') ->onDelete('cascade'); }); } / * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { //删除表时要删除外键约束，参数为外键名称 Schema::table('comments', function(Blueprint $tabel){ $tabel->dropForeign('comments_post_id_foreign'); }); Schema::drop('comments'); }}//Tag表class CreateTagsTable extends Migration{ / * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('tags', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->string('name')->comment('标签名称'); $table->integer('hot')->unsigned()->comment('标签热度'); $table->timestamps(); }); } / * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { Schema::drop('tags'); }}由于Post表与Tag表是多对多关系，还需要一张存放两者关系的表:
//多对多关系，中间表的命名laravel默认按照两张表字母排序来的，写成tag_post会找不到中间表php artisan make:migration create_post_tag_table --create=post_tag然后填上中间表的字段：
class CreatePostTagTable extends Migration{ / * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('post_tag', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->integer('post_id')->unsigned(); $table->integer('tag_id')->unsigned(); $table->timestamps(); //post_id字段作为外键 $table->foreign('post_id') ->references('id') ->on('posts') ->onUpdate('cascade') ->onDelete('cascade'); //tag_id字段作为外键 $table->foreign('tag_id') ->references('id') ->on('tags') ->onUpdate('cascade') ->onDelete('cascade'); }); } / * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { Schema::table('post_tag', function(Blueprint $tabel){ $tabel->dropForeign('post_tag_post_id_foreign'); $tabel->dropForeign('post_tag_tag_id_foreign'); }); Schema::drop('post_tag'); }}设计关联
写上Migration后，还得在Model里写上关联：
class Category extends Model{ //Category-Post:One-Many public function posts() { return $this->hasMany(Post::class); }}class Post extends Model{ //Post-Category:Many-One public function category() { return $this->belongsTo(Category::class); } //Post-Comment:One-Many public function comments() { return $this->hasMany(Comment::class); } //Post-Tag:Many-Many public function tags() { return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class)->withTimestamps(); }}class Comment extends Model{ //Comment-Post:Many-One public function post() { return $this->belongsTo(Post::class); }}class Tag extends Model{ //Tag-Post:Many-Many public function posts() { return $this->belongsToMany(Post::class)->withTimestamps(); }}然后执行迁移：
php artisan migrate数据库中会生成新建表，表的关系如下：
Seeder填充测试数据
好，在聊到seeder测试数据填充之前，看下开发插件三件套能干些啥，下文中命令可在项目根目录输入php artisan指令列表中查看。
1、barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper
执行php artisan ide-helper:generate指令前：
执行php artisan ide-helper:generate指令后：
不仅Facade模式的Route由之前的反白了变为可以定位到源码了，而且输入Config Facade时还方法自动补全auto complete，这个很方便啊。
输入指令php artisan ide-helper:models后，看看各个Model，如Post这个Model：
belongsTo(Category::class); } //Post-Comment:One-Many public function comments() { return $this->hasMany(Comment::class); } //Post-Tag:Many-Many public function tags() { return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class)->withTimestamps(); }}根据迁移到库里的表生成字段属性和对应的方法提示，在控制器里输入方法时会自动补全auto complete字段属性的方法：
2、mpociot/laravel-test-factory-helper
输入指令php artisan test-factory-helper:generate后，database/factory/ModelFactory.php模型工厂文件会自动生成各个模型对应字段数据。Faker是一个好用的生成假数据的第三方库，而这个开发插件会自动帮你生成这些属性，不用自己写了。
define(App\User::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) { return [ 'name' => $faker->name, 'email' => $faker->safeEmail, 'password' => bcrypt(str_random(10)), 'remember_token' => str_random(10), ];});$factory->define(App\Category::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) { return [ 'name' => $faker->name , 'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'image' => $faker->word , ];});$factory->define(App\Comment::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) { return [ 'post_id' => function () { return factory(App\Post::class)->create()->id; } , 'parent_id' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'parent_name' => $faker->word , 'username' => $faker->userName , 'email' => $faker->safeEmail , 'blog' => $faker->word , 'content' => $faker->text , ];});$factory->define(App\Post::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) { return [ 'category_id' => function () { return factory(App\Category::class)->create()->id; } , 'title' => $faker->word , 'slug' => $faker->slug ,//修改为slug 'summary' => $faker->word , 'content' => $faker->text , 'origin' => $faker->text , 'comment_count' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'view_count' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'favorite_count' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'published' => $faker->boolean , ];});$factory->define(App\Tag::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) { return [ 'name' => $faker->name , 'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() , ];});在聊第三个debugbar插件前先聊下seeder小技巧，用debugbar来帮助查看。Laravel官方推荐使用模型工厂自动生成测试数据，推荐这么写的：
//先输入指令生成database/seeds/CategoryTableSeeder.php文件: php artisan make:seeder CategoryTableSeedercreate()->each(function($category){ $category->posts()->save(factory(\App\Post::class)->make()); }); }}//然后php artisan db:seed执行数据填充但是这种方式效率并不高，因为每一次create()都是一次query，而且每生成一个Category也就对应生成一个Post，当然可以在each()里每一次Category继续foreach()生成几个Post，但每一次foreach也是一次query，效率更差。可以用debugbar小能手看看。先在DatabaseSeeder.php文件中填上这次要填充的Seeder:
public function run() { // $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class); $this->call(CategoryTableSeeder::class); }在路由文件中写上：
Route::get('/artisan', function () { $exitCode = Artisan::call('db:seed'); return $exitCode;});输入路由/artisan后用debugbar查看执行了15次query，耗时7.11ms：
实际上才刚刚输入几个数据呢，Category插入了10个，Post插入了5个。
可以用DB::table()->insert()批量插入，拷贝ModelFactory.php中表的字段定义放入每一个表对应Seeder，当然可以有些字段为便利也适当修改对应假数据。
class CategoryTableSeeder extends Seeder{ / * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */ public function run() {// factory(\App\Category::class, 20)->create()->each(function($category){// $category->posts()->save(factory(\App\Post::class)->make());// }); $faker = Faker\Factory::create(); $datas = []; foreach (range(1, 10) as $key => $value) { $datas[] = [ 'name' => 'category'.$faker->randomNumber() , 'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'image' => $faker->url , 'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(), 'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString() ]; } DB::table('categories')->insert($datas); }}class PostTableSeeder extends Seeder{ / * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */ public function run() { $faker = Faker\Factory::create(); $category_ids = \App\Category::lists('id')->toArray(); $datas = []; foreach (range(1, 10) as $key => $value) { $datas[] = [ 'category_id' => $faker->randomElement($category_ids), 'title' => $faker->word , 'slug' => $faker->slug , 'summary' => $faker->word , 'content' => $faker->text , 'origin' => $faker->text , 'comment_count' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'view_count' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'favorite_count' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'published' => $faker->boolean , 'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(), 'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString() ]; } DB::table('posts')->insert($datas); }}class CommentTableSeeder extends Seeder{ / * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */ public function run() { $faker = Faker\Factory::create(); $post_ids = \App\Post::lists('id')->toArray(); $datas = []; foreach (range(1, 50) as $key => $value) { $datas[] = [ 'post_id' => $faker->randomElement($post_ids), 'parent_id' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'parent_name' => $faker->word , 'username' => $faker->userName , 'email' => $faker->safeEmail , 'blog' => $faker->word , 'content' => $faker->text , 'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(), 'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString() ]; } DB::table('comments')->insert($datas); }}class TagTableSeeder extends Seeder{ / * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */ public function run() { $faker = Faker\Factory::create(); $datas = []; foreach (range(1, 10) as $key => $value) { $datas[] = [ 'name' => 'tag'.$faker->randomNumber() , 'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() , 'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(), 'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString() ]; } DB::table('tags')->insert($datas); }}class PostTagTableSeeder extends Seeder{ / * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */ public function run() { $faker = Faker\Factory::create(); $post_ids = \App\Post::lists('id')->toArray(); $tag_ids = \App\Tag::lists('id')->toArray(); $datas = []; foreach (range(1, 20) as $key => $value) { $datas[] = [ 'post_id' => $faker->randomElement($post_ids) , 'tag_id' => $faker->randomElement($tag_ids) , 'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(), 'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString() ]; } DB::table('post_tag')->insert($datas); }}在DatabaseSeeder.php中按照顺序依次填上Seeder，顺序不能颠倒，尤其有关联关系的表:
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder{ / * Run the database seeds. * * @return void */ public function run() { // $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class); $this->call(CategoryTableSeeder::class); $this->call(PostTableSeeder::class); $this->call(CommentTableSeeder::class); $this->call(TagTableSeeder::class); $this->call(PostTagTableSeeder::class); }}输入路由/artisan后，生成了10个Category、10个Post、50个Comments、10个Tag和PostTag表中多对多关系，共有9个Query耗时13.52ms：
It is working!!!
表的迁移Migration和关联Relationship都已设计好，测试数据也已经Seeder好了，就可以根据Repository模式来设计一些数据库逻辑了。准备趁着端午节研究下Repository模式的测试，PHPUnit结合Mockery包来TDD测试也是一种不错的玩法。
M(Model)-V(View)-C(Controller)模式去组织代码，很多时候也未必指导性很强，给Model加一个Repository，给Controller加一个Service，给View加一个Presenter，或许代码结构更清晰。具体可看下面分享的一篇文章。
最近一直在给自己充电，研究MySQL，PHPUnit，Laravel，上班并按时打卡，看博客文章，每天喝红牛。很多不会，有些之前没咋学过，哎，头疼。后悔以前读书太少，书到用时方恨少，人丑还需多读书。
研究生学习机器人的，本打算以后读博搞搞机器人的(研一时真是这么想真是这么准备的，too young too simple)。现在做PHP小码农了，只因当时看到智能机就激动得不行，决定以后做个码农试试吧，搞不好是条生路，哈哈。读书时觉悟太晚，耗费了青春，其实我早该踏入这条路的嘛，呵呵。Follow My Heart!
不扯了，在凌晨两点边听音乐边写博客，就容易瞎感慨吧。。
分享下最近发现的一张好图和一篇极赞的文章：
文章链接：Laravel的中大型專案架構
关键字：php, seed
版权声明
本文来自互联网用户投稿，文章观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本站立场。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如若转载，请注明出处。如若内容有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规/事实不符，请点击 举报 进行投诉反馈！
